(1)不定式作结果状语
A. He lived to be a very old man。他活得很长。
In 1935 he left home never to return.1935年,他离开家再没有回来。
B. so+形容词(或副词)+as to…,例:
The house is so high and narrow (狭) as to resemble (像) a tower。这房子又高又狭,像一座塔。
C. such+名词短语+as to…,例:
His indifference is such as to make one despair (失望)。他如此冷冰冰的,令人感到绝望。
D. only to.。。竟然……(表示与预料相反的结果),例:
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet。他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
E。形容词(或副词)+enough(副词)to…,够,足以,例:
The room is big enough to hold a hundred people。这房间大得足以容纳一百人。
(2)分词作状语
分词和分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随情况。在表
示时间、原因、条件、让步和方式时,通常可转换为相应的状语从句,表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。
Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,they stood up。)学生看见老师走进房间,都站了起来。
(3)分词作状语与主语的关系。
A。现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。例:
Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help。由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
B。过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better。
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
(4)分词作状语时前面可用连词。
When, while, once, if, unless, though等引导的状语从句,若其主语与主句主语相同时,可保留该副词连接词,其余部分则化简为分词短语。
When (being) free,I’ll fetch you。有空时,我会来接你。
(5)分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致,否则分词必须有自
己的主语。这种带主语的分词结构称作分词的独立结构,或独立主格。例如:
The rainshavingsstopped,the soldiers continued their match雨停后,战士们又继续行军。
(6)分词作连词引导状语从句。
这些分词有:provided (or provided that),providing that, supposing, seeing (that), considering等。如:You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don’t mind taking the night train。如果你不介意搭夜班火车,你就能早点儿到北京开会。
(7)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别。
例:They stood by the roadside talking about the plan。他们站在路边谈论着这个计划(伴随)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf。这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架(结果)